Validation of the Donabedian Model of Health Service Quality in Selected States in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Every citizen of a nation has the basic constitutional right to quality health care. However, there is a dearth of literature on the validity and reliability of the Donabedian conceptual model of health service quality in Nigeria. AIM: The current paper focused on validating the Donabedian model of quality health service in selected states in Nigeria. METHODS: This is a prospective study of 479 health workforce consisting of 204 physicians, 180 nurses, and 95 health information management officers in three geopolitical zones in Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select respondents. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire with a response rate of 87%. The overall reliability test of the variables yielded α =0.938. Data gathered was analyzed descriptively for the socio-demographic characteristics and Relative Importance Index (RII) to rank the criteria according to their relative importance. RESULTS: Findings from the study reveal that the (RII) of all the items in the study instrument exceeded the universally acceptable threshold of 0.5, indicating a high level of care in Federal Tertiary Hospitals in Nigeria with regards to structure, process, and outcomes. CONCLUSION: The study underscored the need for the adoption of the Donabedian model in the three other geopolitical zones in Nigeria for a generalized conclusion on the validity and reliability of the Donabedian conceptual model of health service quality. We recommended that research studies on health service quality should be anchored on Donabedian conceptual model as a way to increase awareness of the relevance of the model in improving clinical care in Nigeria.

Improving the emergency services using quality improvement project and Donabedian model in a quaternary teaching hospital in South India.

INTRODUCTION: The primary goal of quality improvement is to enhance patient outcomes, particularly in the emergency department (ED). Timely and effective care is crucial in these situations. By comprehending the challenges, evaluating current performance and implementing quality improvement projects, areas in need of enhancement can be pinpointed and addressed, resulting in better outcomes. METHODOLOGY: This interventional study explores the implementation of quality improvement in the ED of a quaternary care teaching hospital in South India. It follows the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle guided by the Donabedian model. Descriptive statistics were employed to measure changes in outcomes before and after implementation. To improve processes, Donabedian principles were applied, and a performance audit was conducted based on patient feedback and stakeholder input. Various ED indicators were measured. To address identified issues, formal root cause analysis was performed, leading to the generation of PDCA rapid change cycles. These cycles were implemented over 6 months, with two cycles executed, followed by postimplementation evaluation. RESULTS: Post implementation, improvements were observed in several aspects of ED operations. These included reduced ED average length of stay, decreased time to analgesia, shorter cross-consultation time, faster transfer time from ED and improved investigation turnaround time (TAT). Additionally, there was a reduction in revisits to ED within 72 hours and a decrease in patients who left without being seen. These positive changes demonstrate the effectiveness of the quality improvement intervention using the PDCA cycle. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive understanding of patient profile in the ED and factors influencing care is essential for the hospital to ensure sufficient resources and skilled emergency medicine physicians are available 24/7. By enhancing services in the ED, reducing patient waiting times and improving TAT, the overall efficiency of services can be improved. This leads to provision of timely quality care to patients and ultimately improves their outcomes.

The formation mechanism of primary health care team effectiveness : a qualitative comparative analysis research.

BACKGROUND: Team-based care is an essential part of primary health care (PHC), and its team service delivery process is a systematic one involving multiple and complex influences. Research on the formation mechanism can help improve the effectiveness of primary health care teams (PHCTs). METHODS: First, based on the Donabedian model, we explored the theoretical framework of a PHC team's effectiveness formation mechanism. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23primary health care team members in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. A total of seven factors were then included as conditional variables using the crisp set qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA) to explore the complex influences between them and the outcome variable through univariate necessity analysis and path configuration analysis. RESULTS: Univariate necessity analysis showed that only "Clear Goals" in the structural dimension were necessary for team effectiveness perception. Six pathways to good primary health care team perception of effectiveness were identified. Two of these paths were more typical. CONCLUSION: "Clear Goals" was the core variable that should be emphasized when exploring the mechanism of PHCT formation. The results suggest that human resources in the management team should be rationally allocated, goal-oriented, and given good attention. Future studies should explore complex combinations of PHCT factors to improve the effectiveness of PHCTs.

Multistakeholder Perceptions of Additional Value Elements for United States Value Assessment of Health Interventions.

OBJECTIVES: Limitations in conventional cost-effectiveness methods have led to calls for incorporation of additional value elements in assessments of health technologies. However, gaps remain in how additional value elements may inform decision making. This study aimed to prioritize additional value elements from the perspective of healthy individuals without a specific condition or indicated for a specific treatment in the United States among a multistakeholder panel and compare the importance of perspective-specific value elements. METHODS: Additional value elements were prioritized in 2 phases: (1) we identified and categorized additional value elements in a targeted literature review, and (2) we convened a multistakeholder group-based preference elicitation study (N = 28) to evaluate the description of each value element and rank and generate normalized weights of each value element for its significance in value assessment. The importance of additional value elements was also weighted relative to patient-centric value elements. RESULTS: The rank and weight of contextual value elements among 28 stakeholders were "severity of the disease" (26.2%), "disadvantaged and vulnerable target populations highly represented" (21.8%), "broader economic impact" (17.3%), "risk protection" (13.8%), "rarity of the disease" (11.3%), and "novel mechanism of action" (9.7%). Relative weight of the additional value elements versus patient-centric value elements was 52% and 48%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Study findings may inform priority setting for value frameworks and emerging US government assessments. The group-based elicitation method is repeatable and useful for structured deliberative processes in value assessment and may help improve the consistency and predictability of what is important to stakeholders.

Generalized Pairwise Comparisons to Assess Treatment Effects: JACC Review Topic of the Week.

A time-to-first-event composite endpoint analysis has well-known shortcomings in evaluating a treatment effect in cardiovascular clinical trials. It does not fully describe the clinical benefit of therapy because the severity of the events, events repeated over time, and clinically relevant nonsurvival outcomes cannot be considered. The generalized pairwise comparisons (GPC) method adds flexibility in defining the primary endpoint by including any number and type of outcomes that best capture the clinical benefit of a therapy as compared with standard of care. Clinically important outcomes, including bleeding severity, number of interventions, and quality of life, can easily be integrated in a single analysis. The treatment effect in GPC can be expressed by the net treatment benefit, the success odds, or the win ratio. This review provides guidance on the use of GPC and the choice of treatment effect measures for the analysis and reporting of cardiovascular trials.

Aplicación del Modelo de Adaptación de Roy en el contexto comunitario / Applying Roy's adaptation model to a community context

Introducción. Este artículo proporciona un aporte importante desde la aplicación del Modelo de Adaptación de Callista Roy a grupos. Objetivo. Promover comportamientos adaptativos a través de estrategias de atención primaria en salud dirigidas a un grupo de adultos mayores con enfermedad crónica que habitan en un municipio del departamento de Cundinamarca Colombia; Materiales y Métodos. Abordaje cualitativo tipo investigación-acción participativa. La enfermera utilizó la observación participante, y caracterizó la comunidad; además, con preguntas exploratorias les permitió reconocer sus problemas y proponer estrategias de mejora, incluso para su propia salud; posteriormente se aplicó el proceso de atención de enfermería. Resultados. Se logró valorar el comportamiento del grupo a través de los modos físico, auto-concepto o identidad grupal, la función del rol o unidad de funcionamiento de la sociedad e integridad social y la interdependencia o contexto social en el que funciona el grupo. Discusión. Aplicar el Modelo en la práctica permite reconocer situaciones negativas en los grupos para favorecer procesos de afrontamiento innovadores y controlar los estímulos ambientales en el contexto comunitario. Las habilidades en la valoración deben ser agudas ya que son la clave para la aplicación del modelo de Roy en la práctica comunitaria. Conclusiones. Se identificaron los estímulos que desencadenan los principales problemas de adaptación y se implementó un plan de cuidado con el desarrollo de estrategias para la adaptación, tales como la visita domiciliaria, encuentros intergeneracionales, participación comunitaria con grupos de apoyo creados por la municipalidad y la educación en salud con el fin de promover la adaptación del grupo.

Introduction: This article is an important contribution to the application of Callista Roy's Adaptation Model to groups. Objective: To promote adaptive behaviors through primary health care strategies for a group of chronically ill older adults living in a municipality in the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia. Materials and methods: A qualitative participatory action research approach was used. A nurse used participant observation and characterized the community; besides, with exploratory questions, the nurse enabled them to identify their problems and suggest strategies for improvement, including for their own health. Subsequently, the nursing care process was applied. Results: Group behavior was assessed through the following modes of adaptation: physiologic adaptation, self-concept or group identity, role-function adaptation or unit of social functioning and social integrity, and interdependence adaptation or social context in which the group functions. Discussion: Applying Roy's model in practice makes it possible to identify negative situations in groups, promote innovative coping processes, and control environmental stimuli in a community. Assessment skills must be sharp, as they are key to applying Roy's model to community practice. Conclusions: The stimuli that trigger the main adaptation problems were identified, and a nursing care plan was implemented developing adaptation strategies, such as home visits, intergenerational meetings, community participation with support groups created by the municipality, and health education, to promote group adaptation.

Introdução. Este artigo oferece uma contribuição importante da aplicação do Modelo de Adaptação de Callista Roy a grupos. Objetivo. Promover comportamentos adaptativos por meio de estratégias de atenção primária à saúde voltadas para um grupo de idosos com doenças crônicas que vivem em um município do departamento de Cundinamarca, Colômbia; Materiais e métodos. Abordagem de pesquisa de ação participativa qualitativa. A enfermeira utilizou a observação participante e caracterizou a comunidade; além disso, perguntas exploratórias permitiram que eles reconhecessem seus problemas e propusessem estratégias de melhoria, inclusive para sua própria saúde; posteriormente, foi aplicado o processo de assistência de enfermagem. Resultados. Foi possível avaliar o comportamento do grupo por meio de modos físicos, autoconceito ou identidade do grupo, função do papel ou unidade de funcionamento da sociedade e integridade social e interdependência ou contexto social no qual o grupo funciona. Discussão. A aplicação do Modelo na prática permite o reconhecimento de situações negativas em grupos para favorecer processos inovadores de enfrentamento e controlar os estímulos ambientais no contexto da comunidade. As habilidades de avaliação devem estar afiadas, pois são a chave para a aplicação do Modelo de Roy na prática comunitária. Conclusões. Os estímulos que desencadeiam os principais problemas de enfrentamento foram identificados e um plano de cuidados foi implementado com o desenvolvimento de estratégias de enfrentamento, como visitas domiciliares, encontros intergeracionais, participação comunitária com grupos de apoio criados pelo município e educação em saúde para promover o enfrentamento em grupo.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Hospital Sepsis Program Core Elements.

This Viewpoint discusses Hospital Sepsis Program Core Elements, a set of guidance provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to help hospitals develop multiprofessional programs that monitor and optimize management and outcomes of sepsis.

Explaining context, mechanism and outcome in adult community mental health crisis care: A realist evidence synthesis.

Mental health crises cause significant distress and disruption to the lives of individuals and their families. Community crisis care systems are complex, often hard to navigate and poorly understood. This realist evidence synthesis aimed to explain how, for whom and in what circumstances community mental health crisis services for adults work to resolve crises and is reported according to RAMESES guidelines. Using realist methodology, initial programme theories were identified and then tested through iterative evidence searching across 10 electronic databases, four expert stakeholder consultations and n = 20 individual interviews. 45 relevant records informed the three initial programme theories, and 77 documents, were included in programme theory testing. 39 context, mechanism, outcome configurations were meta-synthesized into three themes: (1) The gateway to urgent support; (2) Values based crisis interventions and (3) Leadership and organizational values. Fragmented cross-agency responses exacerbated staff stress and created barriers to access. Services should focus on evaluating interagency working to improve staff role clarity and ensure boundaries between services are planned for. Organizations experienced as compassionate contributed positively to perceived accessibility but relied on compassionate leadership. Attending to the support needs of staff and the proximity of leaders to the front line of crisis care are key. Designing interventions that are easy to navigate, prioritize shared decision-making and reduce the risk of re-traumatizing people is a priority.

Voices from frontline nurses on care quality and patient safety during COVID-19: An application of the Donabedian model.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted quality of care and patient safety. This study aimed to describe registered nurses' (RNs) perceptions on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their ability to adhere to patient safety protocols using Donabedian's Health Care Quality model. METHODS: In October 2020, a survey was conducted among all actively licensed RNs in New Jersey who provided direct patient care during the first peak of COVID-19. RESULTS: Of 3,027 participants, 68% reported that the number of patients assigned impacted their ability to adhere to protocols. RNs identified a variety of organizational structures impacting adherence, including inadequate staffing, staff qualifications, and inadequate resources. Impacted processes included the inability to adhere to patient safety protocols and conduct comprehensive assessments and surveillance, the need for additional time spent on personal protective equipment and isolation policies, and difficulty maintaining isolation integrity; the need to prioritize and cluster care; and guidelines limiting personnel who could enter the room. Nurses attributed both adverse patient and staff outcomes to inadequate staffing and high patient acuity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the need for health care organizations to support frontline nursing staff in adhering to patient safety and infection prevention and control protocols during times of crises. Infection preventionists have substantial contact with bedside nurses and should leverage their collegial relationships to promote patient safety.

A systematic review of measurement uncertainty visualizations in the context of standardized assessments.

This systematic review summarized findings of 29 studies evaluating visual presentation formats appropriate for communicating measurement uncertainty associated with standardized clinical assessment instruments. Studies were identified through systematic searches of multiple databases (Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, ERIC, Scopus, and Web of Science). Strikingly, we found no studies which were conducted using samples of clinicians and included clinical decision-making scenarios. Included studies did however find that providing participants with information about measurement uncertainty may increase awareness of uncertainty and promote more optimal decision making. Formats which visualize the shape of the underlying probability distribution were found to promote more accurate probability estimation and appropriate interpretations of the underlying probability distribution shape. However, participants in the included studies did not seem to benefit from the additional information provided by such plots during decision-making tasks. Further explorations into how presentations of measurement uncertainty impact clinical decision making are needed to examine whether findings of the included studies generalize to clinician populations. This review provides an important overview of pitfalls associated with formats commonly used to communicate measurement uncertainty in clinical assessment instruments, and a potential starting point for further explorations into promising alternatives. Finally, our review offers specific recommendations on how remaining research questions might be addressed.

The 2022 restructure of Aotearoa New Zealand's health system: Will it succeed in advancing equity where others have failed?

Aotearoa New Zealand has restructured its health system with the objective of addressing inequitable access to health services and inequitable health outcomes, particularly those affecting the indigenous Maori population. In July 2022, two new organisations were created to centralise planning, funding and provision responsibilities for publicly funded health services in Aotearoa New Zealand. Health New Zealand and the Maori Health Authority have been created to drive transformational change within the national health system and monitor and improve the health and wellbeing of Maori. At the local level, new Localities are to be formed with the aim of integrating services between government and non-government health and social services providers, while incorporating local Maori and local communities in co-design of services. These changes will be of interest to those in many other countries who are grappling with their own colonial histories and struggling to provide health services in ways that are equitable and contribute to positive health outcomes for their whole population. Although key aspects of the reforms are well supported within the health sector, the ambitious scope and timing of their introduction in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and health workforce shortages can be expected to generate significant implementation challenges.

Implementación de Navegadores de Pacientes en distintos sectores del "Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas" / Implementation of patient browsers in different sectors of the "National Hospital Professor Alejandro Posadas"

En el año 2020 en el Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, cuando comenzó la pandemia de Covid 2019, se comenzó a realizar seguimiento clínico de pacientes y a sus contactos, en forma telefónica, debido a la gran demanda de asistencia y para evitar el desborde del sistema sanitario. Conformándose así el equipo de Seguimiento Telefónico. Consecuencia de aquello comprobamos que era una herramienta valiosa que podría ser utilizada en otros procesos. En el año 2021 el equipo de Seguimiento Telefónico continuó en funcionamiento adaptándose a nuevas líneas de trabajo en donde el monitoreo de la trazabilidad del cuidado de los pacientes es imprescindible para garantizarles acceso al sistema y al mismo tiempo realizar evaluación y monitoreo de procesos asistenciales que involucran a personas con criterios de vulnerabilidad y/o salud que les confieran riesgo. Este artículo explora el papel que puede desempeñar la "Navegación del Paciente" en la mejora de los resultados de salud1 . Los navegadores pueden facilitar un mejor acceso y calidad de la atención médica para las poblaciones desatendidas. En el mes de febrero de 2023 se institucionalizó el dispositivo de Seguimiento Telefónico como sector de Revinculación Asistencial, un arma más para beneficiar a los pacientes, aumentando su Seguridad y mejorando día a día la Calidad de atención.

In 2020, when the Covid-19 pandemic began, the Professor Alejandro Posadas National Hospital implemented clinical monitoring of patients and their contacts by telephone to manage the overwhelming demand for assistance and avoid overcrowding. This led to the formation of a Telephone Monitoring team. The team's success prompted the hospital to explore other areas where the tool could be applied. In 2021, the hospital continued to use the Telephone Monitoring team, adapting it to new lines of work where patient care traceability was critical for ensuring access to the healthcare system. This article examines the role of patient navigation in improving healthcare outcomes, including better access and quality of care for underserved populations. The hospital institutionalized the Telephone Monitoring device in February 2023 as a sector of Assistance Relinking, adding another weapon to benefit patients by increasing their safety and improving the quality of care.

Cirugía en horario extendido: una visión de los actores involucrados / Extended hours surgery: a vision of the actors involved

Introducción. Las listas de espera para cirugía de alta prevalencia son producto de una limitada oferta ante una elevada demanda de jornadas quirúrgicas. Tienen un impacto sobre las condiciones médicas de los pacientes y la consulta por urgencias. Como respuesta, se han incorporado los espacios quirúrgicos adicionales en horarios no convencionales. Su creciente implementación, aunque controversial, se reconoce cada vez más como una nueva normalidad en cirugía. Hay una limitada documentación de la efectividad de la medida, debido a la complejidad e intereses de los participantes. Métodos. Se analizó desde una posición crítica y reflexiva la perspectiva de los actores involucrados en un programa de cirugía en horario extendido, estableciendo las posibles barreras y los elementos facilitadores de una política enfocada a procedimientos en horario no convencional. Asimismo, se describen posibles oportunidades de investigación en el tema. Discusión. Los programas quirúrgicos en horarios no convencionales implican un análisis de los determinantes de su factibilidad y éxito para establecer la pertinencia de su implementación. La disponibilidad de las salas de cirugía, una estandarización de los procedimientos y una cultura de seguridad institucional implementada por la normativa vigente, favorecen estas acciones operacionales. Los aspectos económicos del prestador y del asegurador inciden en la planeación y ejecución de esta modalidad de trabajo. Conclusión. La realización segura y el éxito de un programa de cirugía en horario no convencional dependen de la posibilidad de alinear los intereses de los actores participantes en el proceso

Introduction. Waiting lists for high-prevalence surgeries are the product of limited supply due to a high demand for surgical days. They have an impact on patients' medical conditions and emergency consultation. In response, additional surgical spaces have been incorporated at unconventional times. Its growing implementation, although controversial, is increasingly recognized as a new normal in surgery. There is limited documentation of the effectiveness of the measure due to the complexity and interests of the participants. Methods. The perspective of the actors involved in an extended hours surgery program was analyzed from a critical and reflective position, establishing the possible barriers, and facilitating elements of a policy focused on procedures during unconventional hours. Possible research opportunities on the topic are also described. Discussion. Surgical programs at unconventional times involve an analysis of the determinants of their feasibility and success to establish the relevance of implementation. The availability of operating rooms, a standardization of procedures and a culture of institutional security implemented by current regulations, favor these operational actions. The economic aspects of the provider and the insurer affect the planning and execution of this type of work. Conclusion. The safe realization and success of a surgical program in unconventional hours depend on the possibility of aligning the interests of the actors involved in the process

Quality indicators for palliative care in intensive care units: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Establishing appropriate quality assessment indicators for palliative care in intensive care units (ICUs) is vital. This systematic review summarizes the existing quality indicators (QIs) for palliative care in ICUs. It assesses the methodological quality of QI development to pave the way for more valid QIs. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane databases, and the Ichushi-web database for Japanese literature for all studies published until November 2021. The included QIs were drawn from the National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care (NCP) and the Donabedian model of quality. Methodological quality was assessed based on the appraisal of indicators through the research and evaluation tool. RESULTS: Five studies were included, from which 109 indicators were extracted: 78% were process indicators, 5% were outcome indicators, and 17% were structure indicators. The most common indicators addressed the palliative care domain of "ethical and legal aspects of care" (n=38, 30%). Another distinctive feature of some indicators was a focus on supporting ICU staff. Regarding methodological quality, the "scientific evidence" varied (11-89%). Most of the data on QI measures and data sources were obtained from a review of electronic medical records (EMRs). Administrative data also provided a few measurable indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Out of all the QIs covered in this review, most were process indicators, and only a few were outcome indicators. Ethical and legal aspects of care and support for the ICU staff emerged as unique to palliative care. Although the existing QIs can be used for palliative care in ICUs, more specific indicators are urgently needed. Continuous quality assessment and improvement, as well as the addition of more palliative care practices in ICUs, would provide further evidence and help develop valid QIs.

The first diagnostic excellence conference in Japan.

In February 2023, the first national conference on Diagnostic Excellence was held in Japan. As the conference covered a wide range of academic areas, we placed particular emphasis on topics related to excellence in physicians' clinical reasoning. This focus reflected the culture of Japanese medical professionals, especially of physicians, who have shown passion for clinical diagnosis for decades, having held non-profit voluntary multi-institutional conferences during off-duty hours. Of the over 1,400 participants who attended the two-day conference, 80% were generalist physicians and residents, 10% were medical students, and the remainder were healthcare professionals and participants from other academic areas. Given the background of Japanese physicians' passion for clinical diagnosis, the conference organizers believed that focusing on the diagnostic thinking of physicians as part of the Diagnostic Excellence concept would have strong appeal to participants. Simultaneously, the organizers believed that it was important to target participants in their 20s-40s, and made efforts to utilize social networking services and advertising strategies, including creating individual posters with the help of professional designers. On reflection after the conference, consideration of the local characteristics of the population, particularly their interest in the target population, and the expansion of the conference's focus to include younger participants may have served as drivers of the success of the conference. This outcome of the conference in Asia is an intriguing step in the world deployment strategy of Diagnostic Excellence, and is expected to promote cooperation among Asia and the United States, Europe, and Oceania.

Ciência da palhaçaria: estudos teóricos e práticas em saúde mental / Science of clowning: theoretical and practical studies in mental health/

O livro Ciência da Palhaçaria: estudos teóricos e práticas em saúde mental aborda no campo da saúde possibilidades de pensar cientificamente a arteterapia, principalmente da palhaçaria. O nariz vermelho do palhaço simboliza o potencial aplicado da arte na saúde mental. Deste modo, apresentamos vários trabalho sob a luz da ciência, para que mais pessoas pudessem conhecer essa experiência e receber este cuidado em saúde como fundamentação para novas práticas.

Outcomes of the Carlson Approach in the Treatment of Posterior Tibial Plateau Fractures / Resultados da abordagem de Carlson para o tratamento de fraturas no platô tibial posterior

Abstract Objectives To describe a series of cases of tibial fractures surgically treated using the posterior approach as described by Carlson, focusing on evaluating its functional results and complication rate. Methods Eleven patients with tibial plateau fractures, who underwent surgical treatment using the Carlson approach from July to December 2019, were followed-up. The minimum follow-up period was defined as 6 months. The American Knee Society Score (AKSS), American Knee Society Score/Function (AKSS/Function) and the Lysholm score were used to check treatment results at 6 months after the fracture. The patients underwent standard anteroposterior and lateral radiographs to assess fracture healing, and clinical healing was determined by the absence of pain during full weight-bearing. Results The mean follow-up period was 12 months (9-16 months). The primary mechanism of trauma was motorcycle accident, and the most prevalent side of fracture was the right side. Eight participants were male. The mean age of the patients was 28 years. All fractures healed, and none of the patients presented complications. The AKSS was excellent in 11 patients, with a mean AKSS/Function of 99.1±3, and Lysholm scores with a median of 95.0±5.6. Conclusions The Carlson approach for posterior fractures of the tibial plateau can be considered safe, presenting a low complication rate and satisfactory functional results.

Resumo Objetivos O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever uma série de casos de fraturas de tíbia submetidas ao tratamento cirúrgico pela via posterior de Carlson para avaliação de resultados funcionais e frequência de complicações. Métodos Onze pacientes com fraturas do platô tibial foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico pela via de Carlson de julho a dezembro de 2019 e acompanhados por um período mínimo de 6 meses. As pontuações American Knee Society Score (AKSS), American Knee Society Score/Function (AKSS/Função) e de Lysholm verificaram os resultados do tratamento 6 meses após a fratura. Os pacientes foram submetidos a radiografias comuns em incidência anteroposterior e de perfil para avaliação da consolidação da fratura e a cicatrização clínica foi determinada pela ausência de dor à descarga total de peso. Resultados O período médio de acompanhamento foi de 12 meses (9 a 16 meses). O principal mecanismo de trauma foi acidente motociclístico e a fratura foi mais prevalente no lado direito. Oito pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 28 anos. Todas as fraturas cicatrizaram e nenhum paciente apresentou complicações. A AKSS foi excelente em 11 pacientes, com AKSS/Função média de 99,1 ±3, e a mediana das pontuações de Lysholm foi de 95,0 ±5,6. Conclusões Nas fraturas posteriores do platô tibial, a abordagem de Carlson pode ser considerada segura, apresentando baixo índice de complicações e resultados funcionais satisfatórios.

Análise do fluxo de valor no processo de alta de uma unidade de terapia intensiva / Analysis of the value stream of the intensive care unit discharge process / Análisis de flujo de valor en el proceso de alta de una unidad de cuidados intensivos

Objetivo: Realizar o mapeamento do fluxo de valor, propondo melhorias no processo de alta da unidade de terapia intensiva para unidade de internação. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, prospectivo e exploratório que comparou o mesmo processo pré e pósintervenção. Utilizou-se a ferramenta de mapeamento de fluxo de valor em uma unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital de grande porte localizado na cidade de São Paulo com a proposta de identificar pontos críticos e propor ações melhoria. Resultados: A equipe assistencial da unidade realizou o mapeamento do fluxo de valor inicial, identificando oportunidades de melhoria como a implantação de ações de mudanças de fluxos, treinamento e revisão de tarefas. Com a elaboração do mapa de fluxo de valor atual, pode destacar uma redução no tempo da alta da unidade de terapia intensiva em 97 minutos, o que representou aproximadamente 26,7% do tempo total. Conclusão: A utilização da ferramenta Mapa de Fluxo de Valor teve implicações positivas para a gestão por processos pela possibilidade da visão sistêmica de todas as etapas, identificação de oportunidades e melhoria prática assistencial. (AU)

Objective: To realize the value stream mapping proposing improvements of the intensive care unit discharge process. Methods: A descriptive, prospective and exploratory study that compared two moments of a process. The value stream mapping tool was used in an intensive care unit of a hospital located in the city of São Paulo with the purpose of identifying critical points and proposing improvement actions. Results: The unit's care team carried out the mapping of the initial value flow, identifying opportunities for improvement such as the implementation of actions to change flows, training and task review. With the elaboration of the current value flow map, a reduction in the time of discharge from the intensive care unit of 97 minutes can be highlighted, which represented approximately 26.7% of the total time. Conclusion: The use of the Value Stream Map tool had positive implications for process management due to the possibility of a systemic view of all stages, identification of opportunities and improvement in care practice. (AU)

Objetivo: Realizar el mapeo de la cadena de proponiendo mejoras en el proceso de alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos a la unidad de hospitalización. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y exploratorio que comparó el mismo proceso pre y posintervención. La herramienta de mapeo de la cadena de valor se utilizó en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de un gran hospital ubicado en la ciudad de São Paulo con el propósito de identificar puntos críticos y proponer acciones de mejora. Resultados: El equipo de atención de la unidad realizó el mapeo del flujo de valor inicial, identificando oportunidades de mejora como la implementación de acciones de cambio de flujos, capacitación y revisión de tareas. Con la elaboración del mapa de flujo de valor actual, se puede resaltar una reducción en el tiempo de alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos de 97 minutos, lo que representó aproximadamente el 26,7% del tiempo total. Conclusión: El uso de la herramienta para mapear el flujo tiene implicaciones positivas para la gestión de procesos debido a la posibilidad de una visión sistémica de todas las etapas, identificación de oportunidades y mejora en la práctica asistencial. (AU)

Process Improvement and Information Technology: The Keys to Health Care Transformation.

Human beings are inherently resistant to change. In our technologically driven world, change happens fast, thereby regularly challenging us inherently change-averse humans to adjust. Only through rapid, effective, outcomes-driven change can we address the numerous challenges facing health care today. And as health care leaders, it is our responsibility to learn how to become the most effective change leader so that we can deliver the changes in systems, processes, and thinking required to deliver ever-improving quality, safety, and access to care while managing its cost.